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Toni's Story
The early years

Early memories of people of my generation are of an experience we all shared in common: the great Depression. As far as the world is concerned, the Depression is usually attributed to the Wall Street Crash in 1929, but unemployment had already been rising since 1926 and the slump, which lasted for the best part of ten years, was an unspeakable disaster. There had been great rejoicing when the First World War ended. The young people were ambitious but many saw their new-found security eroding as the years went by, making way for frustration and resentment.
I was born in Holland in 1932 and a year later my brother was born. When he was 3years old he died of meningitis,  penicilin was not yet invented.

family 1935

Mum, my brother and me in 1935

Hit songs of the day, "Happy Days are Here Again", "Blue Skies","We're in the Money", meant nothing. The storm clouds were gathering and we were all going to be caught in the deluge in the years to follow. The Depression had various effects on a whole lot of people. Some took to thieving and landed up in jail. People who had been pillars of respectability soon lost it in the struggle to survive; the higher up you were, the further you fell. Professional men were sweeping streets and cleaning gutters. In its way, the slump was a great leveller; we were all in the same boat-we all had next to nothing.Looking back and comparing what life was like then and during the war that followed the Depression, has given me a much better appreciation of what people do when they are hungry and deprived.
Im also sure that beyond a certain level of human demand, including culture, lots of things are completely unnecessary for a happy life.
When people can't get work they either break down or take to the grog. My father took to the grog and my mother instilled in me, from a very early age, the need to work hard. Work to achieve, without it you're nothing.

That's me in 1936

That's me in 1938

There was a lot of discussion going on about what was wrong with the capitalist system and the Communist Party, which had started its activities in the early 20's, made a fair deal of progress. Hunger made people reckless, they had nothing to lose and consequently the police were called in to quell riots and demonstrations.

This poem by A.R.D.
Fairburn aptly describes the mood of the times:
I used to get things spinning,
I used to dress like a lord,
Mostly I came out winning,
But that's all gone by the board.
My pants have lost their creases,
I've fallen down on my luck,
The world has dropped to pieces,
Everything's come unstuck.

phototoni.jpg

With my sister and brother in 1943

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My father and mother

World War 2